Coaxial cables
Coaxial cables recently introduced the most widespread type of cabling in network connections. The main reasons for this were the relatively low price and the small impact of the various interference. Coaxial cables (also known as BNC cables) are used for bus topologies. The maximum transmission flow reaches 10 Mbit / s.
The inner conductor (copper) is coated with a dielectric layer.
Metal or aluminum foil wrap protects the data transmitted through the absorption of elecronic signals moving from one place to another, which are also called noise, so that these do not adversely affect the cable and the data are not "distorted "During the broadcast.
The outer casing protects the cable from direct influences such as impurities, heat, and magnetization.
Internal conveyor
The coaxial cable transducer transmits electrophoric signals, which carry data. This conveyor can be a whole or knitted. If the cable is made of a single material, then in most cases it is copper. We mainly distinguish two types of coaxial cables: Thin (Thinnet) and Thicknet (Thicknet).
Thinnet cables
This type of coaxial cable is quite flexible and suitable for all network installations. It has a diameter of about 0.64 inches (0.25 inches). Through this cable, signals can be transmitted up to a distance of 185 meters without significant signal loss. The Thinnet cable belongs to the RG-58 cable group. It represents a resistance of 50 ohms.
Thicknet cables
Thicknet cables are rigid and have a diameter of about 1.27 centimeters (0.5 inches). Based on the thick diameter, through this type of cable, larger data can be transmitted than through the Thinnet cable. The maximum distance is about 500 Meters. Due to the difficulties of processing, the use of thicknet cables has been conditional.
Twisted-pair cable (with twisted pairs)
A special shape of the symmetrical copper cable is the twisted-pair cable. In the star-tie technique this cable type is widely used. Through the knitting construction of two isolated yarns, good low-cost transmission features are achieved. Twisted pair creates resistance to external interference, especially in the shielded (STP) version. The twisted-pair cable is widely found in two forms:
As unshielded Twisted-Pair cable = UTP
As a Twisted-Pair Cable Shielded = STP
Fiber Optic Cables
Building
The light waveguides, in their basic construction, consist of a core and a garment, the so-called cladding. The core and coating are also enclosed by an additional buffer for protection against mechanical damage. The direction of a light pulse is done in the core and clothing. Between the cladding and the buffer there is a layer of lacquer with a thickness of up to 5 μm. It serves to protect the fiber from the penetration of moisture.
Product bandwidth - distance
The bandwidth-distance product (bandwidth in MHz, distance in km) is the basic parameter for determining bandwidth bandwidth and coverage distance. The bandwidth-distance product can be provided both for broadcast and optical metal environments. A product with MHz bandwidth x km works:
in length of 500 m with a bandwidth of 1.6 GHz
at a length of 1 km with a bandwidth of 800 MHz
at a length of 1.5 km to 2 km with a bandwidth of 400 MHz
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